An eating disorder condition where one has a fear of putting on weight even though they may be underweight.
Bulimia
A condition where one has periods of eating a lot of food in a very short amount of time (binge eating) and then make themselves sick, use laxatives (medication to help them to excrete faeces) or do excessive exercise, or a combination of these, to try to stop themselves gaining weight (they are normally of good weight).
Anorexia and/or Bulimia isn’t really about food. It’s an extremely unhealthy and sometimes life-threatening way to try to cope with emotional problems.
Fear of aversive consequences (i.e. fear of choking, vomiting, or gastrointestinal discomfort)
Lack of interest in eating (low appetite)
Sensory sensitivity (heightened sensitivity to taste, texture, color, or smell of foods).
Picky eating that persists and causes significant distress or impairment related to the consequences of that eating behaviour.
ARFID DSM-5 Criteria (at least one of the following):
Significant weight loss or faltering growth in children
Significant nutritional deficiency
Dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional supplements or marked interference with psychosocial functioning.
There are also key “negative” criteria:
The disturbance is not better explained by lack of food or by a culturally sanctioned practice
No disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced and not attributable to a concurrent medical condition or not better explained by another mental disorder.
Megarexia- Megarexia perceive themselves as healthy and thin when actually they have an obesity problem.
Hypergymnasia- an eating disorder characterized by excessive and compulsive exercise. An athlete suffering from sports anorexia tends to over exercise to give themselves a sense of having control over their body.
Rumination regurgitation disorder- where one repeatedly regurgitates undigested or partially digested food from the stomach.
The regurgitated food is then chewed again and swallowed or spit out.
Persons with rumination syndrome don’t try to regurgitate food.
It happens without any effort. and usually occurs after each meal.
The diagnosis of rumination syndrome is currently based on the Rome IV consensus criteria, which were last updated in 2016. These include three diagnostic criteria essential to remember as discriminant for rumination syndrome:
Regurgitation is the effortless return of gastric contents (recognizable food) retrograde back into the oesophagus and/or mouth.
This is not preceded by retching and not associated with nausea.
These symptoms must have started at least 6 months before evaluation, been evident over the past 3 months, and occurred at least two to three times per month.
Pica- where a person compulsively swallows non-food items.
Paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) – where a child experiences a sudden, severe onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or restrictive eating, along with at least two other concurrent symptoms (i.e. anxiety, emotional lability or depression, irritability or aggression, developmental regression, deterioration in school performance, sensory or motor abnormalities, or somatic signs (sleep disturbances, enuresis- not able to control your pee, or urinary frequency).
Symptoms often result from an immune system response to triggers like infections or inflammation and can include anxiety, sleep disturbances, and more severe neurological symptoms.
Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) – where a child experiences a sudden, severe onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or restrictive eating.
Symptoms often result from an immune system response to triggers i.e. throat infections
Please talk to your healthcare professional (i.e. Medical Doctor/Pharmacist) for further advice
Detailed Information
Please copy and paste any key words from the title: Anorexia and Bulimia (ARFID) in the following respective 'Medtick References and/or Sources' to find out more about the disease (this also may include diagnosis tests and generic medical treatments).
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